Section 3:
the modelling network

Zainali et al. (2025). Modelling, simulation, and optimisation of agrivoltaic systems: a comprehensive review. Applied Energy 386, 125558. Section 3, pp. 3–24.

Five model lines, 23 stations. Where two lines meet, one model's output becomes the next model's input. Point at a station to preview it below; click it to read its challenges and trade-off.

Swipe the map sideways to follow the lines.

Section 3 as a line diagram: 3.1 Irradiance feeds 3.2 Photovoltaic and 3.3 Microclimate; 3.3 feeds 3.4 Crop; 3.2 and 3.4 both feed 3.5 Optimisation; crops feed back into the panels.
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